Cross-Ministerial Data Integration for Evidence-Based Policymaking: Toward Data-Driven Governance in Indonesia
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Abstract
Cross-ministerial data integration is widely recognized as a prerequisite for evidence-based policymaking and effective digital government. Despite substantial investments in digital infrastructure, persistent data fragmentation continues to impede integrated governance in many developing countries, including Indonesia. Existing research has primarily examined technical, organizational, or policy-related barriers in isolation, leaving the governance mechanisms through which these challenges interact insufficiently understood. This study synthesizes the existing evidence to explain how governance conditions shape cross-ministerial data integration in Indonesia. A qualitative systematic literature review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Twenty-three empirical studies published between 2015 and 2026 were identified through a systematic search of five academic databases and analyzed using abductive thematic analysis. The synthesis revealed four recurring patterns: systemic data fragmentation across levels of government, persistent decoupling between formal policy adoption and implementation, multidimensional deficits in administrative capacity, and limited utilization of technical infrastructure despite its availability. These findings suggest that data integration is constrained by mutually reinforcing governance conditions rather than by technological limitations alone. Accordingly, the study develops an Integrated Data Governance Framework that conceptualizes political commitment, institutional governance, administrative capacity, technical infrastructure, and data resources as interdependent components shaping cross-ministerial data integration, thereby extending existing explanations of data governance beyond a predominantly technology-centered perspective.
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